Leptonica 1.85.0
Image processing and image analysis suite
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quadtree.c
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1/*====================================================================*
2 - Copyright (C) 2001 Leptonica. All rights reserved.
3 -
4 - Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5 - modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
6 - are met:
7 - 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
8 - notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
9 - 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
10 - copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
11 - disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
12 - provided with the distribution.
13 -
14 - THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
15 - ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
16 - LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
17 - A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL ANY
18 - CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
19 - EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
20 - PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
21 - PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
22 - OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
23 - NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
24 - SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
25 *====================================================================*/
26
64#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
65#include <config_auto.h>
66#endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
67
68#include <math.h>
69#include "allheaders.h"
70
71#ifndef NO_CONSOLE_IO
72#define DEBUG_BOXES 0
73#endif /* !NO_CONSOLE_IO */
74
75
76/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
77 * Top-level quadtree linear statistics *
78 *----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
95l_ok
96pixQuadtreeMean(PIX *pixs,
97 l_int32 nlevels,
98 PIX *pix_ma,
99 FPIXA **pfpixa)
100{
101l_int32 i, j, w, h, size, n;
102l_float32 val;
103BOX *box;
104BOXA *boxa;
105BOXAA *baa;
106FPIX *fpix;
107PIX *pix_mac;
108
109 if (!pfpixa)
110 return ERROR_INT("&fpixa not defined", __func__, 1);
111 *pfpixa = NULL;
112 if (!pixs || pixGetDepth(pixs) != 8)
113 return ERROR_INT("pixs not defined or not 8 bpp", __func__, 1);
114 pixGetDimensions(pixs, &w, &h, NULL);
115 if (nlevels > quadtreeMaxLevels(w, h))
116 return ERROR_INT("nlevels too large for image", __func__, 1);
117
118 if (!pix_ma)
119 pix_mac = pixBlockconvAccum(pixs);
120 else
121 pix_mac = pixClone(pix_ma);
122 if (!pix_mac)
123 return ERROR_INT("pix_mac not made", __func__, 1);
124
125 if ((baa = boxaaQuadtreeRegions(w, h, nlevels)) == NULL) {
126 pixDestroy(&pix_mac);
127 return ERROR_INT("baa not made", __func__, 1);
128 }
129
130 *pfpixa = fpixaCreate(nlevels);
131 for (i = 0; i < nlevels; i++) {
132 boxa = boxaaGetBoxa(baa, i, L_CLONE);
133 size = 1 << i;
134 n = boxaGetCount(boxa); /* n == size * size */
135 fpix = fpixCreate(size, size);
136 for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
137 box = boxaGetBox(boxa, j, L_CLONE);
138 pixMeanInRectangle(pixs, box, pix_mac, &val);
139 fpixSetPixel(fpix, j % size, j / size, val);
140 boxDestroy(&box);
141 }
142 fpixaAddFPix(*pfpixa, fpix, L_INSERT);
143 boxaDestroy(&boxa);
144 }
145
146 pixDestroy(&pix_mac);
147 boxaaDestroy(&baa);
148 return 0;
149}
150
151
170l_ok
171pixQuadtreeVariance(PIX *pixs,
172 l_int32 nlevels,
173 PIX *pix_ma,
174 DPIX *dpix_msa,
175 FPIXA **pfpixa_v,
176 FPIXA **pfpixa_rv)
177{
178l_int32 i, j, w, h, size, n;
179l_float32 var, rvar;
180BOX *box;
181BOXA *boxa;
182BOXAA *baa;
183FPIX *fpixv = NULL, *fpixrv = NULL;
184PIX *pix_mac; /* copy of mean accumulator */
185DPIX *dpix_msac; /* msa clone */
186
187 if (!pfpixa_v && !pfpixa_rv)
188 return ERROR_INT("neither &fpixav nor &fpixarv defined", __func__, 1);
189 if (pfpixa_v) *pfpixa_v = NULL;
190 if (pfpixa_rv) *pfpixa_rv = NULL;
191 if (!pixs || pixGetDepth(pixs) != 8)
192 return ERROR_INT("pixs not defined or not 8 bpp", __func__, 1);
193 pixGetDimensions(pixs, &w, &h, NULL);
194 if (nlevels > quadtreeMaxLevels(w, h))
195 return ERROR_INT("nlevels too large for image", __func__, 1);
196
197 if (!pix_ma)
198 pix_mac = pixBlockconvAccum(pixs);
199 else
200 pix_mac = pixClone(pix_ma);
201 if (!pix_mac)
202 return ERROR_INT("pix_mac not made", __func__, 1);
203 if (!dpix_msa)
204 dpix_msac = pixMeanSquareAccum(pixs);
205 else
206 dpix_msac = dpixClone(dpix_msa);
207 if (!dpix_msac) {
208 pixDestroy(&pix_mac);
209 return ERROR_INT("dpix_msac not made", __func__, 1);
210 }
211
212 if ((baa = boxaaQuadtreeRegions(w, h, nlevels)) == NULL) {
213 pixDestroy(&pix_mac);
214 dpixDestroy(&dpix_msac);
215 return ERROR_INT("baa not made", __func__, 1);
216 }
217
218 if (pfpixa_v) *pfpixa_v = fpixaCreate(nlevels);
219 if (pfpixa_rv) *pfpixa_rv = fpixaCreate(nlevels);
220 for (i = 0; i < nlevels; i++) {
221 boxa = boxaaGetBoxa(baa, i, L_CLONE);
222 size = 1 << i;
223 n = boxaGetCount(boxa); /* n == size * size */
224 if (pfpixa_v) fpixv = fpixCreate(size, size);
225 if (pfpixa_rv) fpixrv = fpixCreate(size, size);
226 for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
227 box = boxaGetBox(boxa, j, L_CLONE);
228 pixVarianceInRectangle(pixs, box, pix_mac, dpix_msac, &var, &rvar);
229 if (pfpixa_v) fpixSetPixel(fpixv, j % size, j / size, var);
230 if (pfpixa_rv) fpixSetPixel(fpixrv, j % size, j / size, rvar);
231 boxDestroy(&box);
232 }
233 if (pfpixa_v) fpixaAddFPix(*pfpixa_v, fpixv, L_INSERT);
234 if (pfpixa_rv) fpixaAddFPix(*pfpixa_rv, fpixrv, L_INSERT);
235 boxaDestroy(&boxa);
236 }
237
238 pixDestroy(&pix_mac);
239 dpixDestroy(&dpix_msac);
240 boxaaDestroy(&baa);
241 return 0;
242}
243
244
245/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
246 * Statistics in an arbitrary rectangle *
247 *----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
264l_ok
265pixMeanInRectangle(PIX *pixs,
266 BOX *box,
267 PIX *pixma,
268 l_float32 *pval)
269{
270l_int32 w, h, bx, by, bw, bh;
271l_uint32 val00, val01, val10, val11;
272l_float32 norm;
273BOX *boxc;
274
275 if (!pval)
276 return ERROR_INT("&val not defined", __func__, 1);
277 *pval = 0.0;
278 if (!pixs || pixGetDepth(pixs) != 8)
279 return ERROR_INT("pixs not defined", __func__, 1);
280 if (!box)
281 return ERROR_INT("box not defined", __func__, 1);
282 if (!pixma)
283 return ERROR_INT("pixma not defined", __func__, 1);
284
285 /* Clip rectangle to image */
286 pixGetDimensions(pixs, &w, &h, NULL);
287 boxc = boxClipToRectangle(box, w, h);
288 boxGetGeometry(boxc, &bx, &by, &bw, &bh);
289 boxDestroy(&boxc);
290
291 if (bw == 0 || bh == 0)
292 return ERROR_INT("no pixels in box", __func__, 1);
293
294 /* Use up to 4 points in the accumulator */
295 norm = 1.0f / ((l_float32)(bw) * bh);
296 if (bx > 0 && by > 0) {
297 pixGetPixel(pixma, bx + bw - 1, by + bh - 1, &val11);
298 pixGetPixel(pixma, bx + bw - 1, by - 1, &val10);
299 pixGetPixel(pixma, bx - 1, by + bh - 1, &val01);
300 pixGetPixel(pixma, bx - 1, by - 1, &val00);
301 *pval = norm * (val11 - val01 + val00 - val10);
302 } else if (by > 0) { /* bx == 0 */
303 pixGetPixel(pixma, bw - 1, by + bh - 1, &val11);
304 pixGetPixel(pixma, bw - 1, by - 1, &val10);
305 *pval = norm * (val11 - val10);
306 } else if (bx > 0) { /* by == 0 */
307 pixGetPixel(pixma, bx + bw - 1, bh - 1, &val11);
308 pixGetPixel(pixma, bx - 1, bh - 1, &val01);
309 *pval = norm * (val11 - val01);
310 } else { /* bx == 0 && by == 0 */
311 pixGetPixel(pixma, bw - 1, bh - 1, &val11);
312 *pval = norm * val11;
313 }
314
315 return 0;
316}
317
318
338l_ok
339pixVarianceInRectangle(PIX *pixs,
340 BOX *box,
341 PIX *pix_ma,
342 DPIX *dpix_msa,
343 l_float32 *pvar,
344 l_float32 *prvar)
345{
346l_int32 w, h, bx, by, bw, bh;
347l_uint32 val00, val01, val10, val11;
348l_float64 dval00, dval01, dval10, dval11, mval, msval, var, norm;
349BOX *boxc;
350
351 if (!pvar && !prvar)
352 return ERROR_INT("neither &var nor &rvar defined", __func__, 1);
353 if (pvar) *pvar = 0.0;
354 if (prvar) *prvar = 0.0;
355 if (!pixs || pixGetDepth(pixs) != 8)
356 return ERROR_INT("pixs not defined", __func__, 1);
357 if (!box)
358 return ERROR_INT("box not defined", __func__, 1);
359 if (!pix_ma)
360 return ERROR_INT("pix_ma not defined", __func__, 1);
361 if (!dpix_msa)
362 return ERROR_INT("dpix_msa not defined", __func__, 1);
363
364 /* Clip rectangle to image */
365 pixGetDimensions(pixs, &w, &h, NULL);
366 boxc = boxClipToRectangle(box, w, h);
367 boxGetGeometry(boxc, &bx, &by, &bw, &bh);
368 boxDestroy(&boxc);
369
370 if (bw == 0 || bh == 0)
371 return ERROR_INT("no pixels in box", __func__, 1);
372
373 /* Use up to 4 points in the accumulators */
374 norm = 1.0 / ((l_float32)(bw) * bh);
375 if (bx > 0 && by > 0) {
376 pixGetPixel(pix_ma, bx + bw - 1, by + bh - 1, &val11);
377 pixGetPixel(pix_ma, bx + bw - 1, by - 1, &val10);
378 pixGetPixel(pix_ma, bx - 1, by + bh - 1, &val01);
379 pixGetPixel(pix_ma, bx - 1, by - 1, &val00);
380 dpixGetPixel(dpix_msa, bx + bw - 1, by + bh - 1, &dval11);
381 dpixGetPixel(dpix_msa, bx + bw - 1, by - 1, &dval10);
382 dpixGetPixel(dpix_msa, bx - 1, by + bh - 1, &dval01);
383 dpixGetPixel(dpix_msa, bx - 1, by - 1, &dval00);
384 mval = norm * (val11 - val01 + val00 - val10);
385 msval = norm * (dval11 - dval01 + dval00 - dval10);
386 var = (msval - mval * mval);
387 if (pvar) *pvar = (l_float32)var;
388 if (prvar) *prvar = (l_float32)(sqrt(var));
389 } else if (by > 0) { /* bx == 0 */
390 pixGetPixel(pix_ma, bw - 1, by + bh - 1, &val11);
391 pixGetPixel(pix_ma, bw - 1, by - 1, &val10);
392 dpixGetPixel(dpix_msa, bw - 1, by + bh - 1, &dval11);
393 dpixGetPixel(dpix_msa, bw - 1, by - 1, &dval10);
394 mval = norm * (val11 - val10);
395 msval = norm * (dval11 - dval10);
396 var = (msval - mval * mval);
397 if (pvar) *pvar = (l_float32)var;
398 if (prvar) *prvar = (l_float32)(sqrt(var));
399 } else if (bx > 0) { /* by == 0 */
400 pixGetPixel(pix_ma, bx + bw - 1, bh - 1, &val11);
401 pixGetPixel(pix_ma, bx - 1, bh - 1, &val01);
402 dpixGetPixel(dpix_msa, bx + bw - 1, bh - 1, &dval11);
403 dpixGetPixel(dpix_msa, bx - 1, bh - 1, &dval01);
404 mval = norm * (val11 - val01);
405 msval = norm * (dval11 - dval01);
406 var = (msval - mval * mval);
407 if (pvar) *pvar = (l_float32)var;
408 if (prvar) *prvar = (l_float32)(sqrt(var));
409 } else { /* bx == 0 && by == 0 */
410 pixGetPixel(pix_ma, bw - 1, bh - 1, &val11);
411 dpixGetPixel(dpix_msa, bw - 1, bh - 1, &dval11);
412 mval = norm * val11;
413 msval = norm * dval11;
414 var = (msval - mval * mval);
415 if (pvar) *pvar = (l_float32)var;
416 if (prvar) *prvar = (l_float32)(sqrt(var));
417 }
418
419 return 0;
420}
421
422
423/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
424 * Quadtree regions *
425 *----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
444BOXAA *
445boxaaQuadtreeRegions(l_int32 w,
446 l_int32 h,
447 l_int32 nlevels)
448{
449l_int32 i, j, k, maxpts, nside, nbox, bw, bh;
450l_int32 *xstart, *xend, *ystart, *yend;
451BOX *box;
452BOXA *boxa;
453BOXAA *baa;
454
455 if (nlevels < 1)
456 return (BOXAA *)ERROR_PTR("nlevels must be >= 1", __func__, NULL);
457 if (w < (1 << (nlevels - 1)))
458 return (BOXAA *)ERROR_PTR("w doesn't support nlevels", __func__, NULL);
459 if (h < (1 << (nlevels - 1)))
460 return (BOXAA *)ERROR_PTR("h doesn't support nlevels", __func__, NULL);
461
462 baa = boxaaCreate(nlevels);
463 maxpts = 1 << (nlevels - 1);
464 xstart = (l_int32 *)LEPT_CALLOC(maxpts, sizeof(l_int32));
465 xend = (l_int32 *)LEPT_CALLOC(maxpts, sizeof(l_int32));
466 ystart = (l_int32 *)LEPT_CALLOC(maxpts, sizeof(l_int32));
467 yend = (l_int32 *)LEPT_CALLOC(maxpts, sizeof(l_int32));
468 for (k = 0; k < nlevels; k++) {
469 nside = 1 << k; /* number of boxes in each direction */
470 for (i = 0; i < nside; i++) {
471 xstart[i] = (w - 1) * i / nside;
472 if (i > 0) xstart[i]++;
473 xend[i] = (w - 1) * (i + 1) / nside;
474 ystart[i] = (h - 1) * i / nside;
475 if (i > 0) ystart[i]++;
476 yend[i] = (h - 1) * (i + 1) / nside;
477#if DEBUG_BOXES
478 lept_stderr(
479 "k = %d, xs[%d] = %d, xe[%d] = %d, ys[%d] = %d, ye[%d] = %d\n",
480 k, i, xstart[i], i, xend[i], i, ystart[i], i, yend[i]);
481#endif /* DEBUG_BOXES */
482 }
483 nbox = 1 << (2 * k);
484 boxa = boxaCreate(nbox);
485 for (i = 0; i < nside; i++) {
486 bh = yend[i] - ystart[i] + 1;
487 for (j = 0; j < nside; j++) {
488 bw = xend[j] - xstart[j] + 1;
489 box = boxCreate(xstart[j], ystart[i], bw, bh);
490 boxaAddBox(boxa, box, L_INSERT);
491 }
492 }
493 boxaaAddBoxa(baa, boxa, L_INSERT);
494 }
495
496 LEPT_FREE(xstart);
497 LEPT_FREE(xend);
498 LEPT_FREE(ystart);
499 LEPT_FREE(yend);
500 return baa;
501}
502
503
504/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
505 * Quadtree access *
506 *----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
523l_ok
524quadtreeGetParent(FPIXA *fpixa,
525 l_int32 level,
526 l_int32 x,
527 l_int32 y,
528 l_float32 *pval)
529{
530l_int32 n;
531
532 if (!pval)
533 return ERROR_INT("&val not defined", __func__, 1);
534 *pval = 0.0;
535 if (!fpixa)
536 return ERROR_INT("fpixa not defined", __func__, 1);
537 n = fpixaGetCount(fpixa);
538 if (level < 1 || level >= n)
539 return ERROR_INT("invalid level", __func__, 1);
540
541 if (fpixaGetPixel(fpixa, level - 1, x / 2, y / 2, pval) != 0)
542 return ERROR_INT("invalid coordinates", __func__, 1);
543 return 0;
544}
545
546
564l_ok
565quadtreeGetChildren(FPIXA *fpixa,
566 l_int32 level,
567 l_int32 x,
568 l_int32 y,
569 l_float32 *pval00,
570 l_float32 *pval10,
571 l_float32 *pval01,
572 l_float32 *pval11)
573{
574l_int32 n;
575
576 if (!pval00 || !pval01 || !pval10 || !pval11)
577 return ERROR_INT("&val* not all defined", __func__, 1);
578 *pval00 = *pval10 = *pval01 = *pval11 = 0.0;
579 if (!fpixa)
580 return ERROR_INT("fpixa not defined", __func__, 1);
581 n = fpixaGetCount(fpixa);
582 if (level < 0 || level >= n - 1)
583 return ERROR_INT("invalid level", __func__, 1);
584
585 if (fpixaGetPixel(fpixa, level + 1, 2 * x, 2 * y, pval00) != 0)
586 return ERROR_INT("invalid coordinates", __func__, 1);
587 fpixaGetPixel(fpixa, level + 1, 2 * x + 1, 2 * y, pval10);
588 fpixaGetPixel(fpixa, level + 1, 2 * x, 2 * y + 1, pval01);
589 fpixaGetPixel(fpixa, level + 1, 2 * x + 1, 2 * y + 1, pval11);
590 return 0;
591}
592
593
608l_int32
609quadtreeMaxLevels(l_int32 w,
610 l_int32 h)
611{
612l_int32 i, minside;
613
614 minside = L_MIN(w, h);
615 for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) { /* 2^10 = one million */
616 if (minside < (1.5 * (1 << i)))
617 return i - 1;
618 }
619
620 return -1; /* fail if the image has over a trillion pixels! */
621}
622
623
624/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
625 * Display quadtree *
626 *----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
643PIX *
644fpixaDisplayQuadtree(FPIXA *fpixa,
645 l_int32 factor,
646 l_int32 fontsize)
647{
648char buf[256];
649l_int32 nlevels, i, mag, w;
650L_BMF *bmf;
651FPIX *fpix;
652PIX *pixt1, *pixt2, *pixt3, *pixt4 = NULL, *pixd;
653PIXA *pixat;
654
655 if (!fpixa)
656 return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("fpixa not defined", __func__, NULL);
657
658 if ((nlevels = fpixaGetCount(fpixa)) == 0)
659 return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixas empty", __func__, NULL);
660
661 if ((bmf = bmfCreate(NULL, fontsize)) == NULL)
662 L_ERROR("bmf not made; text will not be added", __func__);
663 pixat = pixaCreate(nlevels);
664 for (i = 0; i < nlevels; i++) {
665 fpix = fpixaGetFPix(fpixa, i, L_CLONE);
666 pixt1 = fpixConvertToPix(fpix, 8, L_CLIP_TO_ZERO, 0);
667 mag = factor * (1 << (nlevels - i - 1));
668 pixt2 = pixExpandReplicate(pixt1, mag);
669 pixt3 = pixConvertTo32(pixt2);
670 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Level %d\n", i);
671 pixt4 = pixAddSingleTextblock(pixt3, bmf, buf, 0xff000000,
672 L_ADD_BELOW, NULL);
673 pixaAddPix(pixat, pixt4, L_INSERT);
674 fpixDestroy(&fpix);
675 pixDestroy(&pixt1);
676 pixDestroy(&pixt2);
677 pixDestroy(&pixt3);
678 }
679 w = pixGetWidth(pixt4);
680 pixd = pixaDisplayTiledInRows(pixat, 32, nlevels * (w + 80), 1.0, 0, 30, 2);
681
682 pixaDestroy(&pixat);
683 bmfDestroy(&bmf);
684 return pixd;
685}
L_ADD_BELOW
@ L_ADD_BELOW
Definition pix.h:1003
L_CLONE
@ L_CLONE
Definition pix.h:506
L_INSERT
@ L_INSERT
Definition pix.h:504
L_CLIP_TO_ZERO
@ L_CLIP_TO_ZERO
Definition pix.h:1063
pixMeanInRectangle
l_ok pixMeanInRectangle(PIX *pixs, BOX *box, PIX *pixma, l_float32 *pval)
pixMeanInRectangle()
Definition quadtree.c:265
fpixaDisplayQuadtree
PIX * fpixaDisplayQuadtree(FPIXA *fpixa, l_int32 factor, l_int32 fontsize)
fpixaDisplayQuadtree()
Definition quadtree.c:644
quadtreeMaxLevels
l_int32 quadtreeMaxLevels(l_int32 w, l_int32 h)
quadtreeMaxLevels()
Definition quadtree.c:609
boxaaQuadtreeRegions
BOXAA * boxaaQuadtreeRegions(l_int32 w, l_int32 h, l_int32 nlevels)
boxaaQuadtreeRegions()
Definition quadtree.c:445
pixQuadtreeVariance
l_ok pixQuadtreeVariance(PIX *pixs, l_int32 nlevels, PIX *pix_ma, DPIX *dpix_msa, FPIXA **pfpixa_v, FPIXA **pfpixa_rv)
pixQuadtreeVariance()
Definition quadtree.c:171
quadtreeGetParent
l_ok quadtreeGetParent(FPIXA *fpixa, l_int32 level, l_int32 x, l_int32 y, l_float32 *pval)
quadtreeGetParent()
Definition quadtree.c:524
quadtreeGetChildren
l_ok quadtreeGetChildren(FPIXA *fpixa, l_int32 level, l_int32 x, l_int32 y, l_float32 *pval00, l_float32 *pval10, l_float32 *pval01, l_float32 *pval11)
quadtreeGetChildren()
Definition quadtree.c:565
pixVarianceInRectangle
l_ok pixVarianceInRectangle(PIX *pixs, BOX *box, PIX *pix_ma, DPIX *dpix_msa, l_float32 *pvar, l_float32 *prvar)
pixVarianceInRectangle()
Definition quadtree.c:339
pixQuadtreeMean
l_ok pixQuadtreeMean(PIX *pixs, l_int32 nlevels, PIX *pix_ma, FPIXA **pfpixa)
pixQuadtreeMean()
Definition quadtree.c:96
L_Bmf
Definition bmf.h:47