selgen.c

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/*====================================================================*
 -  Copyright (C) 2001 Leptonica.  All rights reserved.
 -
 -  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 -  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 -  are met:
 -  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 -     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 -  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 -     copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
 -     disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
 -     provided with the distribution.
 -
 -  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 -  ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 -  LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 -  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL ANY
 -  CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
 -  EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
 -  PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
 -  PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
 -  OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
 -  NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
 -  SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *====================================================================*/
 
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config_auto.h>
#endif  /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
 
#include "allheaders.h"
 
    /* Default minimum distance of a hit-miss pixel element to
     * a boundary pixel of its color. */
static const l_int32  DefaultDistanceToBoundary = 1;
static const l_int32  MaxDistanceToBoundary = 4;
 
    /* Default min runlength to accept a hit or miss element located
     * at its center */
static const l_int32  DefaultMinRunlength = 3;
 
    /* Default scalefactor for displaying image and hit-miss sel
     * that is derived from it */
static const l_int32  DefaultSelScalefactor = 7;
static const l_int32  MaxSelScalefactor = 31;  /* should be big enough */
 
#ifndef  NO_CONSOLE_IO
#define  DEBUG_DISPLAY_HM_SEL   0
#endif  /* ~NO_CONSOLE_IO */
 
 
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------*
 *           Generate a subsampled structuring element             *
 *-----------------------------------------------------------------*/
SEL *
pixGenerateSelWithRuns(PIX     *pixs,
                       l_int32  nhlines,
                       l_int32  nvlines,
                       l_int32  distance,
                       l_int32  minlength,
                       l_int32  toppix,
                       l_int32  botpix,
                       l_int32  leftpix,
                       l_int32  rightpix,
                       PIX    **ppixe)
{
l_int32    ws, hs, w, h, x, y, xval, yval, i, j, nh, nm;
l_float32  delh, delw;
NUMA      *nah, *nam;
PIX       *pixt1, *pixt2, *pixfg, *pixbg;
PTA       *ptah, *ptam;
SEL       *seld, *sel;
 
    PROCNAME("pixGenerateSelWithRuns");
 
    if (ppixe) *ppixe = NULL;
    if (!pixs)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (pixGetDepth(pixs) != 1)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not 1 bpp", procName, NULL);
    if (nhlines < 1 && nvlines < 1)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("nvlines and nhlines both < 1", procName, NULL);
 
    if (distance <= 0)
        distance = DefaultDistanceToBoundary;
    if (minlength <= 0)
        minlength = DefaultMinRunlength;
    if (distance > MaxDistanceToBoundary) {
        L_WARNING("distance too large; setting to max value\n", procName);
        distance = MaxDistanceToBoundary;
    }
 
        /* Locate the foreground */
    pixClipToForeground(pixs, &pixt1, NULL);
    if (!pixt1)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("pixt1 not made", procName, NULL);
    ws = pixGetWidth(pixt1);
    hs = pixGetHeight(pixt1);
    w = ws;
    h = hs;
 
        /* Crop out a region including the foreground, and add pixels
         * on sides depending on the side flags */
    if (toppix || botpix || leftpix || rightpix) {
        x = y = 0;
        if (toppix) {
            h += toppix;
            y = toppix;
            if (toppix < distance + minlength)
                L_WARNING("no miss elements in added top pixels\n", procName);
        }
        if (botpix) {
            h += botpix;
            if (botpix < distance + minlength)
                L_WARNING("no miss elements in added bot pixels\n", procName);
        }
        if (leftpix) {
            w += leftpix;
            x = leftpix;
            if (leftpix < distance + minlength)
                L_WARNING("no miss elements in added left pixels\n", procName);
        }
        if (rightpix) {
            w += rightpix;
            if (rightpix < distance + minlength)
                L_WARNING("no miss elements in added right pixels\n", procName);
        }
        pixt2 = pixCreate(w, h, 1);
        pixRasterop(pixt2, x, y, ws, hs, PIX_SRC, pixt1, 0, 0);
    } else {
        pixt2 = pixClone(pixt1);
    }
    if (ppixe)
        *ppixe = pixClone(pixt2);
    pixDestroy(&pixt1);
 
        /* Identify fg and bg pixels that are at least 'distance' pixels
         * away from the boundary pixels in their set */
    seld = selCreateBrick(2 * distance + 1, 2 * distance + 1,
                          distance, distance, SEL_HIT);
    pixfg = pixErode(NULL, pixt2, seld);
    pixbg = pixDilate(NULL, pixt2, seld);
    pixInvert(pixbg, pixbg);
    selDestroy(&seld);
    pixDestroy(&pixt2);
 
        /* Accumulate hit and miss points */
    ptah = ptaCreate(0);
    ptam = ptaCreate(0);
    if (nhlines >= 1) {
        delh = (l_float32)h / (l_float32)(nhlines + 1);
        for (i = 0, y = 0; i < nhlines; i++) {
            y += (l_int32)(delh + 0.5);
            nah = pixGetRunCentersOnLine(pixfg, -1, y, minlength);
            nam = pixGetRunCentersOnLine(pixbg, -1, y, minlength);
            nh = numaGetCount(nah);
            nm = numaGetCount(nam);
            for (j = 0; j < nh; j++) {
                numaGetIValue(nah, j, &xval);
                ptaAddPt(ptah, xval, y);
            }
            for (j = 0; j < nm; j++) {
                numaGetIValue(nam, j, &xval);
                ptaAddPt(ptam, xval, y);
            }
            numaDestroy(&nah);
            numaDestroy(&nam);
        }
    }
    if (nvlines >= 1) {
        delw = (l_float32)w / (l_float32)(nvlines + 1);
        for (i = 0, x = 0; i < nvlines; i++) {
            x += (l_int32)(delw + 0.5);
            nah = pixGetRunCentersOnLine(pixfg, x, -1, minlength);
            nam = pixGetRunCentersOnLine(pixbg, x, -1, minlength);
            nh = numaGetCount(nah);
            nm = numaGetCount(nam);
            for (j = 0; j < nh; j++) {
                numaGetIValue(nah, j, &yval);
                ptaAddPt(ptah, x, yval);
            }
            for (j = 0; j < nm; j++) {
                numaGetIValue(nam, j, &yval);
                ptaAddPt(ptam, x, yval);
            }
            numaDestroy(&nah);
            numaDestroy(&nam);
        }
    }
 
        /* Make the Sel with those points */
    sel = selCreateBrick(h, w, h / 2, w / 2, SEL_DONT_CARE);
    nh = ptaGetCount(ptah);
    for (i = 0; i < nh; i++) {
        ptaGetIPt(ptah, i, &x, &y);
        selSetElement(sel, y, x, SEL_HIT);
    }
    nm = ptaGetCount(ptam);
    for (i = 0; i < nm; i++) {
        ptaGetIPt(ptam, i, &x, &y);
        selSetElement(sel, y, x, SEL_MISS);
    }
 
    pixDestroy(&pixfg);
    pixDestroy(&pixbg);
    ptaDestroy(&ptah);
    ptaDestroy(&ptam);
    return sel;
}
 
 
SEL *
pixGenerateSelRandom(PIX       *pixs,
                     l_float32  hitfract,
                     l_float32  missfract,
                     l_int32    distance,
                     l_int32    toppix,
                     l_int32    botpix,
                     l_int32    leftpix,
                     l_int32    rightpix,
                     PIX      **ppixe)
{
l_int32    ws, hs, w, h, x, y, i, j, thresh;
l_uint32   val;
PIX       *pixt1, *pixt2, *pixfg, *pixbg;
SEL       *seld, *sel;
 
    PROCNAME("pixGenerateSelRandom");
 
    if (ppixe) *ppixe = NULL;
    if (!pixs)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (pixGetDepth(pixs) != 1)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not 1 bpp", procName, NULL);
    if (hitfract <= 0.0 && missfract <= 0.0)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("no hits or misses", procName, NULL);
    if (hitfract > 1.0 || missfract > 1.0)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("fraction can't be > 1.0", procName, NULL);
 
    if (distance <= 0)
        distance = DefaultDistanceToBoundary;
    if (distance > MaxDistanceToBoundary) {
        L_WARNING("distance too large; setting to max value\n", procName);
        distance = MaxDistanceToBoundary;
    }
 
        /* Locate the foreground */
    pixClipToForeground(pixs, &pixt1, NULL);
    if (!pixt1)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("pixt1 not made", procName, NULL);
    ws = pixGetWidth(pixt1);
    hs = pixGetHeight(pixt1);
    w = ws;
    h = hs;
 
        /* Crop out a region including the foreground, and add pixels
         * on sides depending on the side flags */
    if (toppix || botpix || leftpix || rightpix) {
        x = y = 0;
        if (toppix) {
            h += toppix;
            y = toppix;
        }
        if (botpix)
            h += botpix;
        if (leftpix) {
            w += leftpix;
            x = leftpix;
        }
        if (rightpix)
            w += rightpix;
        pixt2 = pixCreate(w, h, 1);
        pixRasterop(pixt2, x, y, ws, hs, PIX_SRC, pixt1, 0, 0);
    } else {
        pixt2 = pixClone(pixt1);
    }
    if (ppixe)
        *ppixe = pixClone(pixt2);
    pixDestroy(&pixt1);
 
        /* Identify fg and bg pixels that are at least 'distance' pixels
         * away from the boundary pixels in their set */
    seld = selCreateBrick(2 * distance + 1, 2 * distance + 1,
                          distance, distance, SEL_HIT);
    pixfg = pixErode(NULL, pixt2, seld);
    pixbg = pixDilate(NULL, pixt2, seld);
    pixInvert(pixbg, pixbg);
    selDestroy(&seld);
    pixDestroy(&pixt2);
 
        /* Generate the sel from a random selection of these points */
    sel = selCreateBrick(h, w, h / 2, w / 2, SEL_DONT_CARE);
    if (hitfract > 0.0) {
        thresh = (l_int32)(hitfract * (l_float64)RAND_MAX);
        for (i = 0; i < h; i++) {
            for (j = 0; j < w; j++) {
                pixGetPixel(pixfg, j, i, &val);
                if (val) {
                    if (rand() < thresh)
                        selSetElement(sel, i, j, SEL_HIT);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (missfract > 0.0) {
        thresh = (l_int32)(missfract * (l_float64)RAND_MAX);
        for (i = 0; i < h; i++) {
            for (j = 0; j < w; j++) {
                pixGetPixel(pixbg, j, i, &val);
                if (val) {
                    if (rand() < thresh)
                        selSetElement(sel, i, j, SEL_MISS);
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    pixDestroy(&pixfg);
    pixDestroy(&pixbg);
    return sel;
}
 
 
SEL *
pixGenerateSelBoundary(PIX     *pixs,
                       l_int32  hitdist,
                       l_int32  missdist,
                       l_int32  hitskip,
                       l_int32  missskip,
                       l_int32  topflag,
                       l_int32  botflag,
                       l_int32  leftflag,
                       l_int32  rightflag,
                       PIX      **ppixe)
{
l_int32  ws, hs, w, h, x, y, ix, iy, i, npt;
PIX     *pixt1, *pixt2, *pixt3, *pixfg, *pixbg;
SEL     *selh, *selm, *sel_3, *sel;
PTA     *ptah, *ptam;
 
    PROCNAME("pixGenerateSelBoundary");
 
    if (ppixe) *ppixe = NULL;
    if (!pixs)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (pixGetDepth(pixs) != 1)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not 1 bpp", procName, NULL);
    if (hitdist < 0 || hitdist > 4 || missdist < 0 || missdist > 4)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("dist not in {0 .. 4}", procName, NULL);
    if (hitskip < 0 && missskip < 0)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("no hits or misses", procName, NULL);
 
        /* Locate the foreground */
    pixClipToForeground(pixs, &pixt1, NULL);
    if (!pixt1)
        return (SEL *)ERROR_PTR("pixt1 not made", procName, NULL);
    ws = pixGetWidth(pixt1);
    hs = pixGetHeight(pixt1);
    w = ws;
    h = hs;
 
        /* Crop out a region including the foreground, and add pixels
         * on sides depending on the side flags */
    if (topflag || botflag || leftflag || rightflag) {
        x = y = 0;
        if (topflag) {
            h += missdist + 1;
            y = missdist + 1;
        }
        if (botflag)
            h += missdist + 1;
        if (leftflag) {
            w += missdist + 1;
            x = missdist + 1;
        }
        if (rightflag)
            w += missdist + 1;
        pixt2 = pixCreate(w, h, 1);
        pixRasterop(pixt2, x, y, ws, hs, PIX_SRC, pixt1, 0, 0);
    } else {
        pixt2 = pixClone(pixt1);
    }
    if (ppixe)
        *ppixe = pixClone(pixt2);
    pixDestroy(&pixt1);
 
        /* Identify fg and bg pixels that are exactly hitdist and
         * missdist (rsp) away from the boundary pixels in their set.
         * Then get a subsampled set of these points. */
    sel_3 = selCreateBrick(3, 3, 1, 1, SEL_HIT);
    if (hitskip >= 0) {
        selh = selCreateBrick(2 * hitdist + 1, 2 * hitdist + 1,
                              hitdist, hitdist, SEL_HIT);
        pixt3 = pixErode(NULL, pixt2, selh);
        pixfg = pixErode(NULL, pixt3, sel_3);
        pixXor(pixfg, pixfg, pixt3);
        ptah = pixSubsampleBoundaryPixels(pixfg, hitskip);
        pixDestroy(&pixt3);
        pixDestroy(&pixfg);
        selDestroy(&selh);
    }
    if (missskip >= 0) {
        selm = selCreateBrick(2 * missdist + 1, 2 * missdist + 1,
                              missdist, missdist, SEL_HIT);
        pixt3 = pixDilate(NULL, pixt2, selm);
        pixbg = pixDilate(NULL, pixt3, sel_3);
        pixXor(pixbg, pixbg, pixt3);
        ptam = pixSubsampleBoundaryPixels(pixbg, missskip);
        pixDestroy(&pixt3);
        pixDestroy(&pixbg);
        selDestroy(&selm);
    }
    selDestroy(&sel_3);
    pixDestroy(&pixt2);
 
        /* Generate the hit-miss sel from these point */
    sel = selCreateBrick(h, w, h / 2, w / 2, SEL_DONT_CARE);
    if (hitskip >= 0) {
        npt = ptaGetCount(ptah);
        for (i = 0; i < npt; i++) {
            ptaGetIPt(ptah, i, &ix, &iy);
            selSetElement(sel, iy, ix, SEL_HIT);
        }
    }
    if (missskip >= 0) {
        npt = ptaGetCount(ptam);
        for (i = 0; i < npt; i++) {
            ptaGetIPt(ptam, i, &ix, &iy);
            selSetElement(sel, iy, ix, SEL_MISS);
        }
    }
 
    ptaDestroy(&ptah);
    ptaDestroy(&ptam);
    return sel;
}
 
 
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------*
 *              Accumulate data on runs along lines                *
 *-----------------------------------------------------------------*/
NUMA *
pixGetRunCentersOnLine(PIX     *pixs,
                       l_int32  x,
                       l_int32  y,
                       l_int32  minlength)
{
l_int32   w, h, i, r, nruns, len;
NUMA     *naruns, *nad;
 
    PROCNAME("pixGetRunCentersOnLine");
 
    if (!pixs)
        return (NUMA *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (pixGetDepth(pixs) != 1)
        return (NUMA *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not 1 bpp", procName, NULL);
    if (x != -1 && y != -1)
        return (NUMA *)ERROR_PTR("x or y must be -1", procName, NULL);
    if (x == -1 && y == -1)
        return (NUMA *)ERROR_PTR("x or y cannot both be -1", procName, NULL);
 
    if ((nad = numaCreate(0)) == NULL)
        return (NUMA *)ERROR_PTR("nad not made", procName, NULL);
    w = pixGetWidth(pixs);
    h = pixGetHeight(pixs);
    if (x == -1) {  /* horizontal run */
        if (y < 0 || y >= h)
            return nad;
        naruns = pixGetRunsOnLine(pixs, 0, y, w - 1, y);
    } else {  /* vertical run */
        if (x < 0 || x >= w)
            return nad;
        naruns = pixGetRunsOnLine(pixs, x, 0, x, h - 1);
    }
    nruns = numaGetCount(naruns);
 
        /* extract run center values; the first run is always bg */
    r = 0;  /* cumulative distance along line */
    for (i = 0; i < nruns; i++) {
        if (i % 2 == 0) {  /* bg run */
            numaGetIValue(naruns, i, &len);
            r += len;
            continue;
        } else {
            numaGetIValue(naruns, i, &len);
            if (len >= minlength)
                numaAddNumber(nad, r + len / 2);
            r += len;
        }
    }
 
    numaDestroy(&naruns);
    return nad;
}
 
 
NUMA *
pixGetRunsOnLine(PIX     *pixs,
                 l_int32  x1,
                 l_int32  y1,
                 l_int32  x2,
                 l_int32  y2)
{
l_int32   w, h, x, y, npts;
l_int32   i, runlen, preval;
l_uint32  val;
NUMA     *numa;
PTA      *pta;
 
    PROCNAME("pixGetRunsOnLine");
 
    if (!pixs)
        return (NUMA *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (pixGetDepth(pixs) != 1)
        return (NUMA *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not 1 bpp", procName, NULL);
 
    w = pixGetWidth(pixs);
    h = pixGetHeight(pixs);
    if (x1 < 0 || x1 >= w)
        return (NUMA *)ERROR_PTR("x1 not valid", procName, NULL);
    if (x2 < 0 || x2 >= w)
        return (NUMA *)ERROR_PTR("x2 not valid", procName, NULL);
    if (y1 < 0 || y1 >= h)
        return (NUMA *)ERROR_PTR("y1 not valid", procName, NULL);
    if (y2 < 0 || y2 >= h)
        return (NUMA *)ERROR_PTR("y2 not valid", procName, NULL);
 
    if ((pta = generatePtaLine(x1, y1, x2, y2)) == NULL)
        return (NUMA *)ERROR_PTR("pta not made", procName, NULL);
    if ((npts = ptaGetCount(pta)) == 0) {
        ptaDestroy(&pta);
        return (NUMA *)ERROR_PTR("pta has no pts", procName, NULL);
    }
    if ((numa = numaCreate(0)) == NULL) {
        ptaDestroy(&pta);
        return (NUMA *)ERROR_PTR("numa not made", procName, NULL);
    }
 
    for (i = 0; i < npts; i++) {
        ptaGetIPt(pta, i, &x, &y);
        pixGetPixel(pixs, x, y, &val);
        if (i == 0) {
            if (val == 1) {  /* black pixel; append white run of size 0 */
                numaAddNumber(numa, 0);
            }
            preval = val;
            runlen = 1;
            continue;
        }
        if (val == preval) {  /* extend current run */
            preval = val;
            runlen++;
        } else {  /* end previous run */
            numaAddNumber(numa, runlen);
            preval = val;
            runlen = 1;
        }
    }
    numaAddNumber(numa, runlen);  /* append last run */
 
    ptaDestroy(&pta);
    return numa;
}
 
 
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------*
 *        Subsample boundary pixels in relatively ordered way      *
 *-----------------------------------------------------------------*/
PTA *
pixSubsampleBoundaryPixels(PIX     *pixs,
                           l_int32  skip)
{
l_int32  x, y, xn, yn, xs, ys, xa, ya, count;
PIX     *pixt;
PTA     *pta;
 
    PROCNAME("pixSubsampleBoundaryPixels");
 
    if (!pixs)
        return (PTA *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (pixGetDepth(pixs) != 1)
        return (PTA *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not 1 bpp", procName, NULL);
    if (skip < 0)
        return (PTA *)ERROR_PTR("skip < 0", procName, NULL);
 
    if (skip == 0)
        return ptaGetPixelsFromPix(pixs, NULL);
 
    pta = ptaCreate(0);
    pixt = pixCopy(NULL, pixs);
    xs = ys = 0;
    while (nextOnPixelInRaster(pixt, xs, ys, &xn, &yn)) {  /* new series */
        xs = xn;
        ys = yn;
 
            /* Add first point in this series */
        ptaAddPt(pta, xs, ys);
 
            /* Trace out boundary, erasing all and saving every (skip + 1)th */
        x = xs;
        y = ys;
        pixSetPixel(pixt, x, y, 0);
        count = 0;
        while (adjacentOnPixelInRaster(pixt, x, y, &xa, &ya)) {
            x = xa;
            y = ya;
            pixSetPixel(pixt, x, y, 0);
            if (count == skip) {
                ptaAddPt(pta, x, y);
                count = 0;
            } else {
                count++;
            }
        }
    }
 
    pixDestroy(&pixt);
    return pta;
}
 
 
l_int32
adjacentOnPixelInRaster(PIX      *pixs,
                        l_int32   x,
                        l_int32   y,
                        l_int32  *pxa,
                        l_int32  *pya)
{
l_int32   w, h, i, xa, ya, found;
l_int32   xdel[] = {-1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 1, 1, -1};
l_int32   ydel[] = {0, 1, 0, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1};
l_uint32  val;
 
    PROCNAME("adjacentOnPixelInRaster");
 
    if (!pixs)
        return ERROR_INT("pixs not defined", procName, 0);
    if (pixGetDepth(pixs) != 1)
        return ERROR_INT("pixs not 1 bpp", procName, 0);
    w = pixGetWidth(pixs);
    h = pixGetHeight(pixs);
    found = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
        xa = x + xdel[i];
        ya = y + ydel[i];
        if (xa < 0 || xa >= w || ya < 0 || ya >= h)
            continue;
        pixGetPixel(pixs, xa, ya, &val);
        if (val == 1) {
            found = 1;
            *pxa = xa;
            *pya = ya;
            break;
        }
    }
    return found;
}
 
 
 
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------*
 *          Display generated sel with originating image           *
 *-----------------------------------------------------------------*/
PIX *
pixDisplayHitMissSel(PIX      *pixs,
                     SEL      *sel,
                     l_int32   scalefactor,
                     l_uint32  hitcolor,
                     l_uint32  misscolor)
{
l_int32    i, j, type;
l_float32  fscale;
PIX       *pixt, *pixd;
PIXCMAP   *cmap;
 
    PROCNAME("pixDisplayHitMissSel");
 
    if (!pixs)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not defined", procName, NULL);
    if (pixGetDepth(pixs) != 1)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("pixs not 1 bpp", procName, NULL);
    if (!sel)
        return (PIX *)ERROR_PTR("sel not defined", procName, NULL);
 
    if (scalefactor <= 0)
        scalefactor = DefaultSelScalefactor;
    if (scalefactor > MaxSelScalefactor) {
        L_WARNING("scalefactor too large; using max value\n", procName);
        scalefactor = MaxSelScalefactor;
    }
 
        /* Generate a version of pixs with a colormap */
    pixt = pixConvert1To8(NULL, pixs, 0, 1);
    cmap = pixcmapCreate(8);
    pixcmapAddColor(cmap, 255, 255, 255);
    pixcmapAddColor(cmap, 0, 0, 0);
    pixcmapAddColor(cmap, hitcolor >> 24, (hitcolor >> 16) & 0xff,
                    (hitcolor >> 8) & 0xff);
    pixcmapAddColor(cmap, misscolor >> 24, (misscolor >> 16) & 0xff,
                    (misscolor >> 8) & 0xff);
    pixSetColormap(pixt, cmap);
 
        /* Color the hits and misses */
    for (i = 0; i < sel->sy; i++) {
        for (j = 0; j < sel->sx; j++) {
            selGetElement(sel, i, j, &type);
            if (type == SEL_DONT_CARE)
                continue;
            if (type == SEL_HIT)
                pixSetPixel(pixt, j, i, 2);
            else  /* type == SEL_MISS */
                pixSetPixel(pixt, j, i, 3);
        }
    }
 
        /* Scale it up */
    fscale = (l_float32)scalefactor;
    pixd = pixScaleBySampling(pixt, fscale, fscale);
 
    pixDestroy(&pixt);
    return pixd;
}